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Problem

On the coordinate plane, one pair of sides of a parallelogram is parallel to , and the other pair lies on lines perpendicular to . The diagonals meet at , and one vertex satisfies . Find the area. The full question is on the CEEC 114 AST Mathematics I paper.

Where it goes wrong

Writing coordinates for all four vertices makes a large system, and a sign error is easy. The edge directions are already fixed, and the vector from the center to a vertex is only half a diagonal. The area is the absolute value of the cross product of the two side vectors, so the four vertices do not all have to be written down.

Idea

Take , parallel to . Lines perpendicular to have slope , so take . If the side vectors are and , then

All four solutions have , and

so the area is

What the figure shows

  • The blue and purple dashed lines are the two families of direction rails. Blue is parallel to . Purple is perpendicular to .
  • Drag the tip of the blue arrow or the purple arrow through to flip the sign of or . The sidebar picks the same four sign choices: Half-diagonal = ½(u+v) or Half-diagonal = ½(u−v) is the inner , and PQ same direction or PQ reversed is the outer .
  • stays at the origin and , so as in the paper. All four sign choices describe this same gold parallelogram; only the arrows along the rails flip.
  • The drag is not continuous. With fixed and both directions locked, only these four sign choices fit, and the area is always ( times the direction cross product ).
  • The sidebar value is that area. The four vertices do not have to be solved one by one.

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